Where is Einstein’s graviton

Stanisław Pokrzyk
https://stanislawpokrzyk.home.blog

Motto: The universe has not had gravitons or gravitational matter since the beginning of its existence. Big Bang forgot about their creation, and GTR contrary to common sense blocked the development of physics.

1. Introduction.
   The aim of the article is to show that there are particles with magnetic properties in the electron. The force they generate is magnetic – not gravitational.
   The interaction of masses is described by Newton’s law of universal gravitation (1 ) (not gravitational).
   F= G x( m1 x m2) / r2 [ 1 ]
   Whereas formula (2) is the force that gives the mass motion. F= m x g [2]

g is the acceleration due to gravity and depends on the magnitude of the mass of the object.
Newton had a dilemma whether the mass in equations 1 and 2 is the same. Using a simple pendulum, he found that both masses are the same. A similar answer is obtained by comparing the equations side by side.
G x(m x m )/r2 = m x g [3 ]

On the left side of equation (3) we have corpuscular mass, and on the right the same one, called inertial or inertial mass. Conclusion, The world has one type of matter and one force that gives it motion.
It was assumed that Newtonian matter is a „gift” of BB, there was no gravitational donor.

2. Einstein’s View.
   Einstein was the inventor of the graviton. He tried to show that in addition to elementary particles there are gravitons and gravitational mass. He searched for them for many years. To no avail. He didn’t find the Graviton. The OTW also failed. However, he did not lose faith in the existence of gravitational mass. He claimed that it exists, but it is difficult to detect because it is located in the bends of space warped by masses of galaxies, stars, planets, etc.
   Einstein, in his powerlessness to understand the problem, used to refer to extraterrestrial observers or to convince that certain processes can take place despite the fact that they seem to be contrary to common sense. Therefore, he distorts space, time, and creates – contrary to common sense – gravitational matter. Einstein he didn’t show how much (and for how long) space needs to be warped to create a graviton, and how rigid space can be warped?!–and how time? Einstein does not end his search on the curvature of space. It uses the concept of Faraday’s field, in which electrons interact with each other from a distance. Coulomb showed that these interactions are forces that act between point masses. Einstein identifies fields as gravitational mass. Acosta [1] criticizes this view, claiming that it is a serious mistake ”mass is not like an electron – a kind of charge and cannot create gravitational fields interacting with those of other particles”. The force we observe is a derivative of the magnetic structure of matter, parameter g, is responsible for the free fall of bodies.
3. The Origin of Matter .
   Modern physics cannot unambiguously show how matter was formed. Among the many hypotheses, the „theory” of WW was recognized, which has many opponents. The largest is entropy [2]. The WW theory does not say what kind of energy was in the singularity, how it was transformed. Why only three particles p, n, e – and why the first two are about 2000 times larger than the third. Finally, why the electron is eternally spinning.
   No theory can explain this phenomenon. We can therefore assume that matter must have been formed in other circumstances, in the process of crystallization, where the number and size of crystals are determined by the thermodynamic conditions of the solution. In our opinion, elementary particles have a crystalline structure, formed in a liquid environment. More on this subject in art. [ 2 ] .
4. Magneton in the electron.
   β decays and experiments in accelerators have shown that there are negative and positive electrons in the proton and neutron. Electrons (they do not annihilate) in particles behave like ions, they occupy places in the corners of crystals.
   Currently, elementary particles raise doubts among physicists. Work on the structure of nucleons is still ongoing. It is also not certain whether they are fundamental particles. We also have this doubt. Therefore, we ask the question whether the mass relation, proton – electron, is final and whether a similar one can exist between an electron and an unknown particle Y. Then such a particle, we will call it a magneton, should have the following parameters.
   Mass, m =9.11 x10-31// 2000 =4.6 x10-34kg, crystal size, a = 5.62×10-15 /2000 =2.8 x10-18 m,
   volume v = 22 x 10-54 m3, density ϒ = 2 x 1019 kg/m3.
   A special feature of magnetons is the formation of dipoles, micro magnets, Fig. 1
   a) b)
   ImageImage
   Fig. 1. a) Shape and dimensions of the magnetic dipole – micro magnet.
   b) Magnetons (left and right-handed), the equivalent of magnetic poles.
   5 Magnetic interactions
   If we consider that protons and neutrons were created from positive and negative electrons, and electrons from magnetons [ 2 ] , then the force acting between the masses should be magnetic and act as a dipole visible in Fig . 1.
   Magnetons can only spin in two directions. In the electron, they spin clockwise, and in the positive electron, they spin counterclockwise.
   We decided to test the hypothesis of the existence of the magneton by comparing the mass force F with the magnetic force F* of elementary particles and large objects weighing from 7.3 x103 to 7.3 x1021kg.
   We calculate the force F from the formula (1), the magnetic force F* from the formula (3). F*= F0 x N [ 3 ]

N , the number of magnetons in the tested object , N = m /4.6 x10-34 .
F0,force of interaction of two magnetons F0=G x(4.6×10-34)2 / (2.8×10-18 )2=1.73 x10-42 N
The calculation results are shown in the table below
m
[kg ] F
[N] F*
[ N ] N
4,6 x 10-34 1,7 x 10-42 1,7 x 10-42 2
9,1 x 10-31 6 x 10-39 1,8×10-39 2 x103
1,7x 10-27 1 x 10-35 6,6x 10-36 3,8 x 106
7,8 x103 4,1 x 10-3 1,53 x 10-8 1,7 x 1040
x106 x 10 1 x 10-5 x 1043
x109 x 105 x 10-2 x 1046
x1012 x 109 x 101 x 1049
x1015 x 1013 x 104 x 1052
x1018 x1017 x 107 x 1055
x1021 x1021 x 1010 x 1055
Z–>K, 6×1024 2 x1020* 2,3 x 1016 x 1058
Z-Earth, I-Moon. * Incorrect estimation of the distance Z—K decided on a smaller force.
Image
Fig.2. The objects shown in the figure have the same mass, m = 7.8 x 103 kg. Cube-shaped objects interact with a force 240 times smaller, and spherical ones – 4 times less than a cuboid with dimensions as shown in the figure.
If the hypothesis of the existence of magnetons is true, then the forces F and F* should be of similar magnitude. Analysis of the results of the table shows that in the case of the electron and the proton it is, the forces can be considered equal. However, for large objects (103 – 1021 kg), the difference is one order (F n – F n-1 = 4 , and F n * – F * n – 1 = 3 ), and was caused by F calculated for objects of the shape cube (not a sphere). Figure 2 confirms the dependence of the force on the shape of the object. If we take this fact into account, then F=F*.
This is a very important conclusion.
Since the condition of equality of forces is fulfilled, we can hypothesise about the existence of magnetons considered true, and the electron as an energy packet filled with ever-spinning magnetons. A similar suggestion was made by Compton, a „charged” electron may be a natural magnet [3]. On the other hand, Uhlembeck and Goudsmit, to explain the subtle structure of Zeman, had to assume that the electron is a magnet with a complex structure and the magneton of one Bohr. The particles in the electron were also mentioned by Urey and Chia Ping Wang [3].
Our hypothesis about the presence of magnetons in the electron seems to be confirmed by the recent reports of physicists from the University of Cambridge [ 4 ], who studied the behavior of a dysprosium titanate crystal at a temperature close to zero K . They noticed that the crystal turned into a magnetic fluid, and the poles separated from each other and moved like independent magnetic monopoles – these are predicted our magnetons, which we show the basic parameters and behaviors.
Tight packing of dipoles in the electron is responsible for the pressure. Internal energy of the electron Ee=k x m x c2= 2ooo x 4.5 x10-34x 9 x 1016=8.1 x10-14Nm. Dividing Ee by the volume of the electron, we get the pressure value, P=8.2 x 1o-24/180-45=4.5 x 1029 N/m2.
The pressure is enormous, it is responsible for the „immortality” of the electron and the structure that is difficult to „crush”.

6. Summary .
   Physicists and astrophysicists are reluctant to talk about the „lineage” of gravitons. On the other hand, a lot about Einstein’s theory that warping space produces gravitons and mass. The absurd and ridiculous ”theory”, in addition to virtual mass, also creates a virtual force – also gravitational.
   J. Weber, (Acosta, p. 447) has a different idea of the existence of gravity. Although he regrets that the presence of graviton was not found. But the lack of graviton and gravitational mass does not prevent Weber from receiving gravitational waves. It creates them at the center of our galaxy. Explosively converts large amounts of matter into gravitational energy!? Enough .
   Einstein creates gravitational matter without gravitons (space warping method), Weber creates gravitational energy, also without gravitons (explosive method).
   Many scientists use – non-existent force – according to their own needs; eg that the singularity was squeezed by gravity, or that the matter of galaxies and stars is still warping space and is still producing gravitational matter. Einstein never presented the internal structure of the graviton, nor the formula for gravitational force involving gravitational mass. He also tacitly omits the anti-graviton issues.
   The structure of elementary particles is still a mystery. The quark model, the gluon model, the hard core model, the string theory, the theory of gravity, and others form the ”physical folklore”
   The theory of relativity, also called the theory of gravity, was promoted by physicists who accepted observers in other galaxies and doubted common sense.
   fetish, blocked the correct development of physics for many years. Currently, there are still few fanatics who are looking for graviton and gravitational mass. Personally, I sympathize with them, they waste time unproductively like the mythological Sisyphus.
   Conclusions
7. The analysis of mass and magnetic forces of objects weighing from 10-31-1024 kg showed that there are particles of matter smaller than an electron, these are right and left-handed, eternally rotating magnetons.
8. The magnetic force is responsible for the interactions of microparticles and objects with large masses generated by magnetons.
9. Every physicist understands that gravitational force cannot exist without gravitational mass. The mathematical notation of the force F = m x g or F = G x m1 x m2 /r2 always gives zero when m = 0.
   Such is the power of math!
10. Literature
    1.V. Acosta, C.L. Cowan, B.J. Graham; Fundamentals of modern physics. Second edition, Warsaw, PWN, 1987.
11. https://stanislawpokrzyk.home.blog/2021/01/10/how-dark-energy-and-dark-matter-version-2 2021.01.10
    3.V. Acosta , C.L. Cowen , BJ. Graham; Fundamentals of modern physics. Second edition, Warsaw 1987, PWN, p. 467, and p. 439.
    4 . J. Halle,n , C. Castelnovo ,University of Cambridge ,pl/2022/magnetic crystal – spin-electron . dr inż . Stanisław Pokrzyk Gliwice, 13.05.2023. </code></pre></li>